Here you’ll find all forty runes of the Old Tongue with their corresponding letters in the new tongue along with their pronounciation notes. You will also find the usage of different accents.

The Old Tongue, once carved into stone by the gods and the first mortals, is largely forgotten as a spoken language. While both tongues use the same sounds, they differ writing: The Old Tongue uses a runic alphabet while the New Tongue relies on letters. and the new script uses letters.

Although the old language itself is lost, names of people, places and artifacts of significance have been passed down through generations, keeping their original forms. Today, these special names are represented using the letters of the New Tongue.

Table 1: Letters and Runes

Number Letter Example Word Description Rune
0 (Unused) Sa’en Two syllables with a glottal stop. All other runes derive from this one. Glyph of the first being. x
1 A, a Athnod (..)
The ‘a’ in ‘father’ or ‘car’.
Open back unrounded vowel [ɑ].		 a
2 AE, ae Aedir (_.)
Pronounced as “a” followed by “e” in two distinct syllables.
Diphthong or hiatus [a.e], depending on speaker articulation.		 Æ
3 B, b Bupeth (..) The b in brown.
Voiced bilabial stop [b].		 b
5 D, d Dein (_) The d in death.
voiced dental stop [d].		 d
6 E, e Enathra (…)
The e in bet or pen.
Open-mid front unrounded vowel [ɛ].		 e
7 F, f Efar (..)
The f in fellow.
Voiceless labiodental fricative [f].		 f
8 G, g Gaenthor (_.)
The g in garment.
Voiced velar plosive [ɡ].		 g
9 G̊, g̊ G̊ammos (..)
The g̊ is pronounced by rolling the epiglottis.
Voiced epiglottal trill [ʢ].		 7
10 H, h Hûnn (_)
The h in horrendous. Voiceless glottal fricative [h].		 h
11 HH, hh HHarduk (..)
Voiceless radical pharyngeal non-sibilant fricative [ħ].		 Ĥ
12 HR, hr Hrann (.)
The h in Hriannon(Welsh). Voiceless glottal fricative [h].		 8
13 İ, i Kharthìr (._)
The i in think. Close back unrounded vowel[i]. In this example, the ì is also stressed.		 I
14 Eİ, ei Gheima (_.)
Diphthong [eɪ], similar to “rein,” “vein,” or “sane”. With glottal stop: Einar vs E’inar.		 5
15 Aİ, ai Naira (_.)
Diphthong [aɪ], similar to “ride.” With glottal stop: Naira vs Na’ira.		 1
16 J, j (Unused)
[ʒ] like “measure” or [ʃ] as in “shoe” (by common folk).		 j
17 K, k Kelleth (..)
“c” in “cat”. Voiceless velar plosive [k].		 k
18 KH, kh Khayldyn (._.)
Always the c in “card”. Voiceless velar plosive[k].
[kaːr] vs [kæːr]		 ;
19 L, l Laenu (_.)
“l” in “lake” (soft) or “lard” (hard). Voiced alveolar lateral approximant [l].		 l
20 LH, lh Lhâradon (_..)
Hard “l,” like in “lament”.
 <
21 M, m Mahha (..) The m in moral.
Voiced bilabial nasal [m].		 m
22 N, n Nôlenûei (..)
The n in name. Hard n by default.		 n
23 NH, nh Nhâden (_.)
Always the hard “n” in “note”.		 >
24 Nâ, nâ Pûnâr (__)
N with a long a. Becomes “ny” sound. Predorsal nasal [n̺].		 ñ
25 ŋ, ɲ Eɲgol (..)
The ng sound in song or long. Velar nasal [ŋ].		 ŋ
26 O, o Orûdun (._.)
The o in home. Mid back rounded vowel [o].		 o
27 P, p Pûnâr (__) The p in pat.
Voiceless bilabial stop [p].		 p
28 R, r Ŕuai (_.)
The r in caro. Apical alveolar tap [ɾ].		 r
29 R̊, r̊ Er̊uk (..)
The r in río. Apical alveolar trill [r].		 2
30 S, s Shâfâth (_.) The s in sun.
Voiceless alveolar fricative [s].		 s
31 T, t Trog (.) The t in top.
Voiceless alveolar stop [t].		 t
32 dh İdhis (..)
Same sound as “th” in then. Voiced dental fricative [ð].		 4
33 th Kelleth (..)
The th in think. Voiceless dental fricative [θ].		 3
34 U, u Unûldun (._.)
The u in rule. Long close back rounded vowel[u].		 u
35 I, ı Sı’ıgta (…)
The ı in kırmızı(Turkish). Close back unrounded vowel [ɯ].		 ı
36 Ü, ü Ürüdün (..)
The ü in über. Close front unrounded vowel [y].		 ü
37 V, v Vilnnis (..)
The v in vessel. Voiced labiodental fricative [v].		 v
38 V̊, v̊ / W,w Drev̊eth (..)
The w in west. Voiceless labio-velar approximant [ẘ]. Used interchangeably.		 w
39 Y, y Yuvel (..) The y in yes.
Palatal approximant [j].		 y
40 Z Zarod (..) The z in zebra.
Voiced alveolar fricative [z].		 z

Table 2: Pronunciation Rules

Consonant Shifts Example Notes
0 Nenma nm → mm. “nm” is pronounced as mm (nasal m sound).
1 Vilnnis nn → n. “nn” is pronounced the same as a single n.
2 Aedir ae is its own rune. Diphthong [a.e]. Distinct from ai.
3 Naira ai is its own rune. Diphthong [aɪ], “ride”. Distinct from ei.
4 Einar ei is its own rune. Diphthong [eɪ], “say”. Distinct from ai.
5 Elnâ nâ is its own rune. Pronounced like “nya” in canyon.

Table 3: Vowel and Diphthong Sounds

Symbol Example Notes
^ Ânthor The circumflex elongates vowel by double its length.
ˊ Ŕuai The acute accent on a vocal or consonant suggests stress.
’ Sa’en The apostrophe between vowels suggests a glottal stop.
^ (after consonant) Kâr The circumflex after a consonant softens both consonant and vowel.
H before consonants Khâr Using H before certain consonants negates the softening effect of the circumflex.
˚ (trill marker) R̊uk Marks a consonant as trilled or rolled. Appears after the base letter. Not a diacritic, but a modifier.

Invalid Accent and Diacritic Usage

  1. The Accent Collision Rule While the diacritics (˚) and (^) can exist on two consecutive letters, a letter will never carry both a circumflex (^) and an acute accent (ˊ). Such a combination is considered invalid in the script’s orthography.

  2. Double Accents Across Diphthongs Only one accent may be applied to a diphthong. Accents cannot be stacked across a diphthong, ensuring that each accented syllable receives only one accent.

  3. Accent Placement on Consonants and Vowels The acute accent (ˊ) can be placed on consonants. When placed on a consonant, the acute accent (ˊ) suggests stress. In order to stress a vowel, a circumflex (^) is placed on the vowel. This always elongates the vowel as well as stressing it.

  4. Glottal Stop (’) Overriding Softening If a glottal stop (’) is present, it will override the softening effect of the circumflex (^). For instance, in a word like Lâ’ân, the glottal stop (’) takes precedence over the softening effect of the circumflex (^) on the second vowel, ensuring that the consonant is not softened as it would typically be.

  5. Invalid Diacritic Stacking A letter can never carry both a circumflex (^) and an acute accent (ˊ) simultaneously. Combinations like Â’ê are not allowed in the script and will be considered incorrect orthographically.